MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR LOW-COST SMALL WATER TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Abstract

The use of membrane technology for inexpensive small-scale water treatment in developing nations is examined in this research study. The project aims to address the pressing need for easily available, safe drinking water in areas where centralized water systems are frequently insufficient or non-existent. The most efficient and cost-effective methods for decentralized water treatment are determined by this report through a review of the literature, an analysis of case studies, and an evaluation of different membrane technologies, including Reverse Osmosis (RO), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF). Important results show that Gravity- Driven Membrane (GDM) systems are very beneficial in terms of sustainability, upkeep, and cost. Nevertheless, issues like membrane fouling and the requirement for prior treatment continue to exist. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for scaling up decentralized membrane systems, emphasizing the critical role of both public Parth Gajjar, Savan Koyani https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 2 editor@iaeme.com and private sector engagement. Future opportunities in membrane innovation are discussed, highlighting the promise of advanced, adaptive solutions to improve water accessibility across underserved populations.