SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER-RESOURCE USE IN THE KARST AREAS OF HERZEGOVINA

Abstract

The problem of water resource scarcity and water supply in karst areas is significant and still insufficiently researched. Management of water resources is particularly demanding due to the high spatial and temporal variability of available water. The area of Herzegovina belongs to the Dinaric karst, one of the most developed karst regions in Europe. This paper analyzes the problem of sustainable water resource management in karst areas under climate change conditions, with particular reference to the Herzegovina region, for example the Municipality of Posušje and the Tribistovo Reservoir. The specific hydrogeological characteristics of karst, the pronounced seasonal variability of recharge, and the occurrence of longer dry periods can cause a reduction in available water quantities precisely during periods of increased demand. A conceptual dynamic model has been developed based on object-oriented modeling (OOM) and the application of the software system STELLA. The model links climatic and hydrological factors, available water resources, storage conditions, user demands, losses in the water supply system, and indicators of deficit and water supply security. Scenario analysis considers the reference state, the impact of climate change without optimization, and the state with the application of management and optimization measures. The proposed approach enables the assessment of critical periods, the analysis of the relationship between availability and demand, and the evaluation of measures such as loss reduction, consumption management, and optimized use of the Tribistovo Reservoir. The model represents a basis for the development of decision support systems and adaptive management of water resources in karst areas.