A REVIEW: PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF RC STRUCTURE

Abstract

Progressive collapse in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is one of the most important types of structural failure in which localized damage propagates disproportionately, leading to partial or total structural collapse. This study presents a comprehensive review of progressive collapse behavior in RC systems, with particular emphasis on flat slab–column structures, which are inherently vulnerable due to direct load transfer mechanisms and reduced redundancy. The study shows that punching shear failure at the joints between the block and column is a main cause of collapse, especially when columns are removed. The Alternative Load Path (ALP) method is a well-known way to test how strong a structure is by modelling the quick loss of important parts. Experimental findings indicate that dynamic effects significantly influence structural response, with load amplification reaching up to 124.8% and dynamic amplification factors ranging from 1.09 to 2.6. Key resistance mechanisms, including compressive membrane action, tensile membrane action, and post-punching behavior, are shown to enhance residual load-carrying capacity, with values increasing from approximately 30% to 70% under proper reinforcement detailing. Numerical simulations using nonlinear finite element methods effectively capture crack propagation, stiffness degradation, and load redistribution, although model accuracy depends on parameter calibration. The study also emphasizes the influence of structural configuration, material degradation, and code provisions such as GSA and DoD guidelines. Overall, enhancing ductility, continuity, and redundancy is essential for improving collapse resistance and ensuring structural safety under extreme loading conditions.