LIVING WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AMONG MALAY ADULTS IN MALAYSIA ATTITUDES, PERCEPTIONS, AND SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES FROM A MIXED METHODS STUDY

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder and a major cause of disability among aging populations. In Malaysia, the rising incidence of KOA underscores the need for culturally sensitive healthcare strategies. Yet, limited evidence exists on how Malay adults experience and manage KOA. Understanding these perspectives is critical for developing effective and culturally appropriate interventions. This study aimed to explore the attitudes, perceptions, and sociocultural influences on KOA experiences and management among Malay adults in Malaysia through a mixed-methods approach. Ten purposively sampled Malay adults aged 45-70 years with clinically diagnosed KOA were recruited from a tertiary hospital. Quantitative data were collected using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed four major themes: (1) physical limitations and emotional burden affecting daily functioning, (2) mixed attitudes toward physiotherapy with selective use of conventional and traditional treatments, (3) sociocultural beliefs linking KOA to aging and divine will, shaped by family roles, and (4) religious adaptations and spiritual coping strategies that supported emotional resilience, with participants prioritizing independence over cure. Quantitative scores demonstrated wide variation in symptom severity, functional limitation, and quality of life, complementing qualitative insights. Overall, KOA substantially affects the physical, emotional, and sociocultural well-being of Malay adults. Interventions that integrate medical management with religious practices, family support, and culturally sensitive education are essential to enhance care and treatment adherence in this population.