https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/6660 2026-10-15T21:53:37Z https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10783 Title: REVIEW OF NONLINEAR TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS IN PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN FOR MEDIUM TO HIGH-RISE RC BUILDINGS Authors: Sajid Khan; Sachin P. Patil Abstract: Medium- to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are highly vulnerable to earthquake forces due to their complex dynamic behavior and nonlinear response characteristics. Conventional force-based seismic design methods are often inadequate for accurately predicting structural performance during strong earthquakes, leading to the development of Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) as a more reliable and objective-oriented approach. This review paper examines the role of Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA) in the PBSD of medium- to high-rise RC buildings. The study discusses the development of PBSD, international seismic guidelines, nonlinear modeling techniques, ground motion selection and scaling, material and geometric nonlinearities, performance assessment procedures, and recent research trends. It also reviews seismic performance studies on regular and irregular RC buildings, shear wall systems, dampers, and base isolation techniques. The review highlights that NLTHA provides superior accuracy in predicting structural response, damage progression, plastic hinge formation, and collapse mechanisms compared to conventional seismic analysis methods. Although NLTHA requires significant computational effort and detailed modeling, it is considered one of the most effective tools for realistic seismic performance evaluation and for achieving safer, more resilient, and performance-oriented design of reinforced concrete buildings. 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10782 Title: MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIRED CLAY BRICKS STABILIZED WITH THE RICE HUSKS IN ORDER TO ASSESS THEIR DURABILITY AND RESILIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE HOUSING MODEL ADAPTED TO FLOOD RISKS IN THE LOCALITY OF TCHATIBALI, MAYO DANAY DIVISION, FAR NORTH REGION OF CAMEROON Authors: Moundom, Amadou; Hinmbara Barba, Armand; Ngapgue, François; Tamo Tatietse, Thomas Abstract: In the Far North Region of Cameroon, recurrent floods weaken rural housing built with water-sensitive local materials, particularly Karal clay, abundant and accessible. This study addresses the low hydraulic and mechanical durability of local bricks by assessing the potential of rice husks as a bio-based additive in fired clay bricks. Karal samples were collected in Tchatibali at depths ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 m, while rice husks were obtained from the same locality. The raw materials were characterised through natural water content, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, modified Proctor and CBR tests. Bricks were mixed using partial replacement of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% and 15% by weight of rice husk contents in karal materials, then moulded, dried and fired. The performance was assessed using compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and capillary rise tests. The results showed that Karal is a fine-grained, moderately plastic and water-sensitive soil, with 85% fine fraction and a plasticity index of 25%. The 1% rice husk bricks gave the best mechanical performances, reaching 1.94 MPa in compression and 0.32 MPa in flexure after 4 days and 4.30 MPa in compression and 0.35 MPa in flexure after 8 days. The same mix maintained low water absorption of 9.94% in 24 hours and a capillary rise time close to that of the control brick. Higher rice husk contents increased porosity, reduced mechanical strength and accelerated water migration. This study showed that controlled incorporation of 1% rice husks can valorise a local agricultural by-product while improving the balance between strength, absorption and durability of fired clay bricks. 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10781 Title: A REVIEW: PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF RC STRUCTURE Authors: Mukta N. Joshi; Sachin P. Patil Abstract: Progressive collapse in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is one of the most important types of structural failure in which localized damage propagates disproportionately, leading to partial or total structural collapse. This study presents a comprehensive review of progressive collapse behavior in RC systems, with particular emphasis on flat slab–column structures, which are inherently vulnerable due to direct load transfer mechanisms and reduced redundancy. The study shows that punching shear failure at the joints between the block and column is a main cause of collapse, especially when columns are removed. The Alternative Load Path (ALP) method is a well-known way to test how strong a structure is by modelling the quick loss of important parts. Experimental findings indicate that dynamic effects significantly influence structural response, with load amplification reaching up to 124.8% and dynamic amplification factors ranging from 1.09 to 2.6. Key resistance mechanisms, including compressive membrane action, tensile membrane action, and post-punching behavior, are shown to enhance residual load-carrying capacity, with values increasing from approximately 30% to 70% under proper reinforcement detailing. Numerical simulations using nonlinear finite element methods effectively capture crack propagation, stiffness degradation, and load redistribution, although model accuracy depends on parameter calibration. The study also emphasizes the influence of structural configuration, material degradation, and code provisions such as GSA and DoD guidelines. Overall, enhancing ductility, continuity, and redundancy is essential for improving collapse resistance and ensuring structural safety under extreme loading conditions. 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10780 Title: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON URBAN WASTEWATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY Authors: Rozić, Željko; Prskalo, Gordan; Mulaomerović-Šeta, Ajla Abstract: This paper presents a possible trend in changes to the quantity and quality of wastewater resulting from changing climatic conditions in urban areas. Climate change significantly affects both the availability and characteristics of water resources, and consequently has a direct impact on the quantity and quality of urban wastewater. Through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the system components, comprising both structural and non-structural elements, and their conceptualization, a framework was developed for constructing an integrated model of wastewater quantity and quality. The study applies an existing model developed for the City of Mostar (UVS_MO Model), which was adapted for the analysis, presentation, and optimization of urban water system operation. The modelling methodology is based on Object-Oriented Modelling (OOM) as a tool for the sustainable management of urban wastewater drainage systems, incorporating all dimensions of sustainability, including technical, economic, legal, social, and environmental aspects. Based on observed trends in key climate change indicators and projected future developments for the period 2025–2050, the study evaluates both the current performance of the drainage system and the expected changes in wastewater quantity and quality. The adopted modelling approach, combining simulation of the real system, object-oriented modelling, and "what-if" scenario analysis, proved to be an effective and reliable tool for supporting the sustainable planning, operation, and management of urban drainage systems. The proposed model and methodology are suitable for the analysis and broader application to complex urban water systems, particularly under the challenges imposed by ongoing global climate change. 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z