https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/6661 2026-08-31T16:43:28Z 2026-08-31T16:43:28Z Li, Tony Thang Nguyen, Quoc Gao, Jerry Agarwal, Radhika https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10455 2026-08-15T03:00:35Z 2026-06-05T00:00:00Z

Title: AI TESTING FOR SMART LEARNING APPLICATIONS—A CASE STUDY Authors: Li, Tony; Thang Nguyen, Quoc; Gao, Jerry; Agarwal, Radhika Abstract: The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in smart learning environments has heightened the need for systematic, reliable testing of AI-driven educational applications. Existing studies primarily rely on benchmark accuracy, manual testing, or user-based assessment, offering limited insight into robustness, coverage, and failure behavior. These limitations are driven by the lack of standardized intelligence quality criteria, inadequate test automation support, complex diversity in Q&A tasks, and the difficulty of automatically validating test results in smart learning applications. This paper investigates model-based AI testing for Q&A-based smart learning applications, using ChatGPT (GPT-5) as a case study to evaluate its intelligence quality in college algebra question answering tasks that support student learning. A three-dimensional (3D) AI testing framework structures testing along input, context, and output dimensions to enable model-driven test generation, controlled contextual variation, and consistent validation. College algebra problems selected from a standard undergraduate textbook are used to construct representative test cases. Controlled image-based data augmentation and structured similarity-based validation mechanisms are employed to support automated test execution and result analysis. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed approach improves intelligence quality coverage and provides more diagnostic insight than ad hoc evaluation methods.

2026-06-05T00:00:00Z Scalera, Giancarlo https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10454 2026-08-15T03:00:22Z 2024-08-31T00:00:00Z

Title: THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING MATERIAL FIELDS AND THE TWO SPEEDS IMPLIED BY THE EXPANDING EARTH Authors: Scalera, Giancarlo Abstract: This work identifies the branch point, which was never explicit in EM treatises, from which came the choice of abandoning the Galilean transformations in favor of the Lorentz covariance, a path that originated the various relativistic theories. The need arising from the expanding Earth for a hydrodynamic mechanism for Newtonian and Coulomb fields is discussed. This hydrodynamic material mechanism is shown to constitute a completion of the Newton and Maxwell concepts of the fields, which were only a phenomenological description of physical reality. It is shown that the analogy between Maxwell’s equations and hydrodynamics cannot become a perfect correspondence. The lack of coupling of the electromagnetic field to the underlying material “causing field”—which induces hydrodynamical forces and accelerations observed only phenomenologically—gives rise to inaccuracies in the formulation of its equations, which are incorrect for Galilean covariance. But the most serious flaw in the original formulation of electromagnetism is the erroneous identification of the flow velocity of the field (variable as 21 r) with the speed of light c, with which it was demonstrated that the fields of charges in motion contract in the direction of motion (the Heaviside ellipsoid, 1888, 1889). From this error, historically due to the incomplete development of many hydrodynamics sectors (a situation that persists today), came Fitz Gerald’s contractions and finally, the relativistic theories. Some future research lines are proposed for a return to realistic physics and a possible but still weak form of Galilean covariance.

2024-08-31T00:00:00Z Martin, Christoph Fabritius, Marc Lehnertz, Christian Traub, Jakob Stoll, Johannes T. Kraus, Werner Pott, Andreas https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10453 2026-08-15T03:00:41Z 2026-06-30T00:00:00Z

Title: IPANEMA SAFE: A CABLE-DRIVEN PARALLEL ROBOT FOR SAFE OPERATION ABOVE PEOPLE Authors: Martin, Christoph; Fabritius, Marc; Lehnertz, Christian; Traub, Jakob; Stoll, Johannes T.; Kraus, Werner; Pott, Andreas Abstract: The training of ship crews for new scenarios at sea in reproducible sea conditions is weather-dependent and dangerous. The Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) addresses this issue by offering a variety of different simulators to safely train people onshore. For scenarios involving a swinging hook or a ladder for a pilot boarding a ship in turbulent sea conditions, a safe cable-driven parallel robot, the IPAnema Safe, is developed. Its safety features allow its platform to move above people during training scenarios. Therefore, in addition to standard safety features and a proper mechanical design, the safety functions—Safely Limited Position (SLP) and Safely Limited Speed (SLS)—for a cable-driven parallel robot are implemented on safety-certified hardware with Performance Level e(PLe). This work presents the design process and implementation of the IPAnema Safe, focusing on its layout, winches, platform optimization and functional safety features.

2026-06-30T00:00:00Z Adaba, Godfried B. https://repositori.mypolycc.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/10452 2026-08-15T03:00:20Z 2026-06-06T00:00:00Z

Title: DEVELOPMENT BURSTS, SOCIO-TECHNICAL CONGRUENCE, AND DELIVERY RELIABILITY IN DISTRIBUTED OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE PROJECTS Authors: Adaba, Godfried B. Abstract: Socio-technical congruence (STC) theory posits that software development effectiveness depends on the degree to which developer coordination aligns with technical requirements. However, much existing research treats congruence as a static project attribute, overlooking the dynamic coordination needs that arise during periods of intensive development. This study addresses this gap by examining development bursts, brief episodes of significant technical change and collaboration that alter coordination demands. Using fixed-effects regression models, the analysis examines 45,981 development bursts from 6401 open-source software projects. The findings show that higher burst intensity is positively associated with both congruence and delivery throughput, suggesting that effective collaboration often centers on shared integration challenges. Conversely, higher coordination complexity is associated with lower congruence and reduced delivery reliability, indicating that the main risks associated with bursts stem from structural rather than purely volumetric factors. Team experience also mitigates the negative effects of complexity on congruence, highlighting the importance of accumulated coordination capability. However, after accounting for demand-side factors, the relationship between congruence and delivery reliability becomes negative, indicating that congruence observed during bursts reflects not only alignment quality but also coordination burden. These findings extend STC theory by reconceptualizing congruence as a dynamic state and emphasizing the need to understand its evolution in high-frequency coordination contexts.

2026-06-06T00:00:00Z