ADDITION OF BAMBOO CHARCOAL IN COMPOSTING OF KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE WITH PIG MANURE

Abstract

The co-composting of pig manure with kitchen organic waste presents an effective strategy for nutrient recycling and waste management. This study explores the incorporation of bamboo charcoal into compost piles to enhance compost quality and mitigate environmental risks. Over a 105-day period, four compost piles with varying bamboo charcoal proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were analysed for changes in physicochemical parameters and heavy metal dynamics. Temperature, pH, moisture content, and electrical conductivity were monitored every 5 days, while total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and the C/N ratio were tested at 15-day intervals. Heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd were assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that bamboo charcoal improved compost conditions by increasing initial pH and temperature, enhancing microbial activity. A decline in moisture content after day 45 indicated compost maturation. Electrical conductivity was lower in piles with higher charcoal content, reflecting reduced salinity and better compost stability. Nitrogen retention and TOC levels improved, contributing to nutrient-rich compost. Heavy metal content, especially Zn and Pb, was reduced in piles with bamboo charcoal, confirming its role in metal immobilization. This study concludes that bamboo charcoal is a sustainable, low-cost additive for enhancing compost quality, reducing pollution potential, and supporting decentralized waste management in rural areas.