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STUDENT STUDY GUIDE: DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS STUDIES (DPM) FIRST EDITION 2019

2026-05-13T03:00:28Z

Title: STUDENT STUDY GUIDE: DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS STUDIES (DPM) FIRST EDITION 2019 Authors: Roshidiana Yaakub

GREENTECH '19: GREEN TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING SEMINAR 2019 POLYTECHNIC & COMMUNITY COLLEGE CENTRAL ZONE

2026-05-13T03:00:14Z

Title: GREENTECH '19: GREEN TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING SEMINAR 2019 POLYTECHNIC & COMMUNITY COLLEGE CENTRAL ZONE Authors: Nurul Azimah Ahmad Arzaai; Nurseha Ariifin; Norhasnina Mokhtar; Wan Mohd Zamri Wan Ab Rahman; Mardiana Haron; Syahrunizam Buyamin; Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Zublie; Nur Fadzillah Jaafar; Shatini Md Said; Norliza Md Jahid; Jazlina Muhammad; Zurina Safee; Siti Azliya Ismail; Maswira Mahasan; Rahayu Hayat; Mai Azuna Meor Yusuf; Herliana Hassan; Eliza Shamsudin; Siti Atiqa Al Zahra Mat Darus; Raja Muhammad Hazim; Noor Azila Jamari; Muliaty Samsuri; Zureena Abu Samah; Hainol Akbar Zaman; Annuar Rashid Abdul Aziz; Sarah Afzan Abd Karim; Normieza Mohd Yusoff; Siti Fazlina Isnin; Ahmad Faiz Sapuan; Fauziah Aarif; Ramlee Mustapha; Azyati Ilyani Aznan; Mariaty Ahmad; Nurul Fadzillah Mohd Salleh; Zummy Dahria Mohamed Basri; Marfiah Ab Wahid; Nur Wahidah Azhari; Aeslina Abdul Kadir

WHAT EXACTLY IS THE PRODUCTIVE STRUGGLE? LESSONS LEARNED FROM A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LITERATURE

2026-05-12T03:00:13Z

Title: WHAT EXACTLY IS THE PRODUCTIVE STRUGGLE? LESSONS LEARNED FROM A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LITERATURE Authors: Young, Jamaal R.; Sanders, Miriam; Bevan, Danielle; Syahrul Amin Abstract: Productive struggle (PS) has emerged as a critical construct in mathematics education, emphasizing the importance of persistence, cognitive engagement, and conceptual understanding in problem-solving. However, inconsistencies in its conceptual and operational definitions have hindered its effective implementation and assessment. This study conducted a content analysis of mathematics education literature to examine how PS is defined and operationalized. Findings reveal that while cognitive demand, deeper understanding, and effortful engagement are consistently emphasized, other critical characteristics—such as ingenuity, mathematical relationships, and student-centered learning—are less frequently addressed. Based on these findings, we propose a comprehensive conceptual definition of PS: an effortful, student-centered process involving cognitively demanding tasks that require persistence, ingenuity, and deeper mathematical understanding. Additionally, we identify observable and measurable classroom indicators to support the structured implementation and assessment of PS. By aligning research, teacher training, and instructional practices with this refined conceptualization, this study provides a foundation for enhancing mathematical problem-solving, resilience, and critical thinking in students. Implications for mathematics educators, researchers, and curriculum developers are discussed.

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS ON CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT AND PURCHASE DECISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM START-UP ECOSYSTEMS

2026-05-09T03:00:17Z

Title: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS ON CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT AND PURCHASE DECISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM START-UP ECOSYSTEMS Authors: Yamini K. Menon Abstract: This study investigates the influence of perceived effectiveness of social media marketing (SMM) on consumer involvement and purchasing decisions in the start-up ecosystem. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed to gather primary data from 108 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chisquare analysis, and logistic regression were utilised to examine the potential relationships. The results indicate that consumer involvement markedly affects purchase decisions (χ² = 16.03, p < 0.01), and perceived social media marketing effectiveness likewise substantially impacts purchase behaviour (χ² = 9.42, p < 0.05). The relation between perceived effectiveness and engagement was not significant (χ² =13.44, p > 0.05), indicating parallel rather than sequential impact pathways. Logistic regression indicates that engagement (Exp(B) = 2.49, p < 0.01) is a more significant predictor of purchase than perceived effectiveness (Exp(B) = 1.97, p < 0.05), with an overall model accuracy of 83.3%. This study redefines customer engagement as a direct and independent predictor of purchase decisions, rather than a mediating factor, and introduces a parallel impact model in which both engagement and perceived effectiveness independently affect consumer behaviour. The paradigm expands Relationship Marketing and customer interaction theory to the inadequately examined domain of start-ups, providing practical insights for resource-limited digital enterprises.